Why do we measure fever by placing a thermometer under the tongue?

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Upon experiencing a slight fever, individuals typically resort to placing their hand on their forehead as a preliminary means of assessing warmth. Nevertheless, this technique fails to yield a precise evaluation of core body temperature. At most, it allows for the detection of the presence and severity of a fever. In general, the average human body temperature is approximately 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). When the temperature exceeds a given threshold, it is termed as fever, which may even require pharmacological intervention. Therefore, it becomes imperative to determine the exact temperature, for which, a thermometer is usually used.

To determine the accurate body temperature, it needs to measure the core temperature because this reflects the body's internal heat most accurately. The sublingually measured temperature is considered as an excellent estimator of core temperature. This is the reason thermometers are placed under the tongue for measuring temperature. Although core temperature can also be measured by using a thermometer that is inserted rectally, this method is more complex and invasive. Measuring temperature sublingually is relatively easier and usually meets practical needs.

The ventral surface of the tongue has a rich supply of blood vessels, making it an ideal place for the measurement of body temperature. Also, because the tongue overlies this area, this area is less prone to external temperature changes, making the reading more accurate. The body temperature can also be taken under the armpit. Since this area is more exposed to external air, the reading may not be as accurate. For instance, when the temperature taken in the armpit reads 98 degrees Fahrenheit, it can translate to 100 degrees Fahrenheit when taken under the tongue, indicating the presence of fever. To avoid such fluctuations, healthcare providers often rely on temperature readings from under the tongue.

The traditional method of checking fever using an oral thermometer is accomplished by placing the thermometer under the tongue for at least two minutes. This approach ensures an accurate reading of the body temperature.

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